Sexual Assault And Rape Should Be Acquitted Without...

Yes Means Yes Sexual Assault has always been a topic in need of being addressed, yet it has not always been. In recent years, sexual assault has not necessarily become more prevalent, but more addressed by those who can make a difference in its frequency. Sexual assault began with a vague definition that placed very limited parameters on the actions of perpetrators. It was only considered rape when physical violence ensued, and only when said physical violence was proven in the court of law with an abundance of evidence. This lack of conviction results in a low percentage of victims even coming forward to penalize their aggressor. Of all individuals who come forward with sexual assault cases, approximately ten percent are vindicated by the accused getting convicted. (Alderden Ullman). Is there any circumstance where someone found guilty of rape should be acquitted without penalty? During these times of consent ambiguity, most sexual assault cases were left to the jurisdiction of ind ividual courts-- some of which disregarded victim testimony and made personal classifications of both rape and sexual assault. Sexual assault was frequently determined by the opinions and experiences of one individual due to the ambiguity of â€Å"consent†. The criminals assaulting others view their victims as â€Å"conquests†, they do not see the need for consent (Lisak Miller). In most basic verbiage, consent implies the inclusion of yes. And more than likely, consent is requested. The American legalShow MoreRelatedShould Capital Punishment Be Applied?1414 Words   |  6 Pagesissues include whether this punishment should be applied to other crimes other than murder such as rape of children. Some believe that capital punishment should not only be used for the murder of another person, but it should be used for major crimes such as rape of children, trafficking, etc. Applying this punishment would be a preventive way to stop crimes such as trafficking, rape, etc., b ecause it would not be worth going against the law and face a serious penalty. Accusing a defendant for a crimeRead MoreSexual Offences Act 2008 : Section 11829 Words   |  8 PagesSexual Offences Act 2008 Part1 Section 1 Rape (1)A person (A) commits an offence if— (a)he intentionally penetrates the vagina, anus or mouth of another person (B) with his penis, (b)B does not consent to the penetration, and (c)A does not reasonably believe that B consents. (2)Whether a belief is reasonable is to be determined having regard to all the circumstances, including any steps A has taken to ascertain whether B consents. (3)Sections 75 and 76 apply to an offence under this section. (4)ARead MoreDiscrimination Against Men1350 Words   |  6 Pagestelevision shows have the big shot business man who is the epitome of success, embodying the characteristics and acquiring the possessions that society deems valuable† (Children Now, 1999). This portrayal of men is seen as something that all men should strive to be and that if they do not reach that success, they are not considered a real man. This specific portrayal is dangerous because it may make men reach for goals that are entirely unreachable for them and can even give women false expectationsRead MoreLegal Studies Crime Notes7101 Words   |  29 Pagesas murder or sexual assault. As the charge is more serious, there are more steps in the legal process, including a committal hearing to ensure that there is enough evidence to warrant a trial. If there is sufficient evidence then a trial with a judge and jury will occur. Usually heard in the district court and higher. * Summary Offences - A summary offence is a less serious charge, such as shop stealing or drink driving. These cases are heard by a magistrate in a local court, without a jury. SummaryRead MoreThe Case And Remedies Of An Arkansas Capital Murder Case3641 Words   |  15 Pagesbody parts of the little girl, and burning their own clothes. Moffitt, the inmate witness, also testified that Green then explained his motive, after saying he should not have killed the family: â€Å"If you don t pay the dope man, your ass is took down.† On appeal Green argued that Moffitt’s testimony, as that of a jailhouse informant, should have been scrutinized more strictly based on his status, but the court rejected the argument because it had not been preserved by objection or requested instructionRead More The Rise in Police Brutality Essay5198 Words   |  21 PagesThe Rise in Police Brutality Police brutality and corrupt cop issues have increasingly risen. The problems posed by the illegal exercise of police power, which is an ongoing reality for individuals of a disfavored race, class, or sexual preference. There are innocent people beaten or put in jail or prison. They can be helped, but the ones beyond help are dead. There are good cops and there are bad cops. Under the law, article 7 states: ?No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruelRead MoreEssay on Forensic Psychology Subspecialities3420 Words   |  14 Pagesdetermined that the trial court should have accepted the expert testimony from the psychologist; they also ruled that acceptance of an expert testimony should not be based on if the person has a medical degree. The qualification for an expert witness is based on their knowledge in that area. The ruling in the case created controversy because many people believed that in order for a psychologist to provide expert testimony about insanity that a medical degree should be needed because insanity is aRead MoreCase Lavern Longsworth V The Queen Judgment 115046 Words   |  61 Pageswhether, objectively, the Applicant’s perception of the threat was correct. (2) The learned trial judge erred in not directing the jury that when considering the defence of provocation under sections 117, 119(a) and 120 (a) of the Criminal Code, it should take into account not only the provocative conduct in the moments before the offence, but the cumulative effect of a history of provocation from the deceased towards the appellant. (3) There is medical evidence not presented at trial, which establishesRead MoreMedia Law: Defamation, Copyright, Etc23627 Words   |  95 Pagespublication. Often it is the manner in which material is written, as opposed to its subject matter, which causes difficulties. Knowledge of the law of defamation will assist in framing material appropriately and avoiding claims. If in doubt journalists should consult more senior staff or seek legal advice. Prevention of problems is cheaper (and better for career advancement) than cure. 2. What is defamatory? There is no uniformly accepted definition. Basically, a publication is defamatoryRead MoreMedia Law: Defamation, Copyright, Etc23639 Words   |  95 Pagespublication. Often it is the manner in which material is written, as opposed to its subject matter, which causes difficulties. Knowledge of the law of defamation will assist in framing material appropriately and avoiding claims. If in doubt journalists should consult more senior staff or seek legal advice. Prevention of problems is cheaper (and better for career advancement) than cure. 2. What is defamatory? There is no uniformly accepted definition. Basically, a publication is defamatory

Impact of Migrants on British Economy Free Essays

Introduction Historically Britain has been economically dependent on migrants to maintain itself as a leading world economy. Labour shortages in Britain were often a problem for capitalists, hence migration was encouraged. However from the onset migrants who tried to improve their economic and employment status, often suffered prejudice and were deemed biologically inferior. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Migrants on British Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Classic examples were Irish migrants who came to Britain to escape political unrest, this marked the start of Irish immigration, â€Å"which was connected to economic change, urbanisation and class formation in British society† (Solomos 2003: 37). According to Reeves, 1983, Rich, 1986 and Brody, 1998, â€Å"Images of the racial or cultural inferiority of the Irish were based not only on particular ideological constructions of the Irish but also on the definition of Englishness or Anglo-Saxon culture in terms of particular racial and cultural attributes† (cited in Solomus, 2003:39). Likewise these ideological constructions were also imposed on Black communities; both racial prejudice and discrimination were common. Britain had colonised the world in particular Africa in order to maintain economic power, and in the process had exploited its people in the slave trade. White’s behaviour towards blacks was cruel and brutal, sheer physical force was used to control them, Black people were regarded as subhuman. In order to justify the treatment of these newly colonised groups of people, supposed scientific racial theories were developed by scientists such as De Gobineau (1816-1882). De Gobineau drew upon Charles Darwin’s work (1809-1882) who proposed a theory of evolution, occurring by the process of natural selection. Darwin theorised that, â€Å"The animals (or plants) best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on the characteristics which helped them survive to their offspring† (see:www.). However Darwin’s theory was never intended to influence theories of ‘race’, nonetheless De Gobineau took it upon himself to adapt it to the human race. He argued that, â€Å"Humans are separated into noticeable ‘races’ which are innately unequal† ( ). In addition to this, â€Å"Gobineau noted the superiority of the white race above others who had no chance to improve themselves through social organisation because they were somehow ‘programmed’ to be ‘inferior† ( ). He concluded that there were three different races â€Å"white (Caucasian), black (Negroid) and yellow (mongoloid). But most significantly he claimed that, â€Å"the white race was superior to the black race.† (Giddens, 2006:485). The inferior characteristics that Europeans bestowed upon Africans; enabled whites to maintain power over the black race. However by the late 1800’s new economic changes were occurring, the slave trade was finally abolished owing to public outcry. Britain’s economy of agriculture was superseded by an industrial economy, funded by the profits of the slave trade. This era described as the ‘Industrial Revolution’ was one of invention, enabling items to be produced on a larger scale. Whilst Industrialists profited from this new economy, socioeconomic factors of the new working class had become a cause for concern. Many workers had moved from the peripheries in search of work, they expected to find a better quality of life. However on their arrival they found overcrowded living conditions, long work hours and poverty, the distinction between rich and poor was apparent.Towns such as Liverpool which had been significant in the slave trade had now been outmoded by the ‘Industrial Revolution’. Whilst manufacturing had a positive effect on Britain’s economy, Li verpool’s geographical position was no longer appropriate. Social problems were more severe in Liverpool owing to a larger population, enhanced by migrants and their descendants. It was proposed that growing migrant communities were the cause of social problems, although there was no evidence to suggest this.Harris argues that, â€Å"Social decay was supposed to be connected with the presence of a ‘Negro’ population†¦and so on who constituted an almost insignificant percentage of the population of the sea-port towns† (Cited in Solomos, 2003: 44). This was set to change as post war Britain witnessed an increase in Black communities. â€Å"In 1945, Britain was recovering from the Second World War and was in need of immense reconstruction† (Lavalette Pratt, 2006:91). Reserves of labour power, usually of White European origin were exhausted,â€Å"They (White Europeans) were given preference over Commonwealth citizens because, among other reasons, there was considerable prejudice against the recruitment of black colonial workers† (Small Solomos, 1994:284). Nonetheless it was general consensus between the main political parties in Britain, that the Ministry of Labour should exploit commonwealth immigrants as labour reserves. â€Å"The result was for Britain, a unique scheme, with the British State undertaking to meet all the costs of recruitment, travel and repatriation on behalf of capitalists who were short of workers† (Solomos, 2003:50).Decolonisation assisted Black colonial immigrants to migrate to Br itain, high unemployment and inadequate welfare assistance in their countries of origin, gave them natural aspirations to migrate. Black migrants were able to enter Britain via the ‘British Nationality Act of 1948’; allowing any person who had resided in the British colonies, to live and work in Britain. Furthermore South Asian communities including Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis entered Britain, East Africa had gained its independence and those who held British passports fled to Britain to avoid political unrest. On their arrival in Britain the majority of immigrants shared similar experiences in forms of racist practices. â€Å"Stigmitisation,inferiorisation,exclusion and/or discrimination in arena’s such as employment,education,housing,media,the criminal justice system, immigration apparatus, and the health services† (Brah,1996:97). These forms of institutional racism would eventually lead to solidarity, between different racial groups in thei r fight for equality. In 1958 ‘race’ riots occurred in Nottingham and Notting hill, Black immigrants were held responsible for riots. Black communities were used as scapegoats by the media for social unrest, â€Å"The media denied that the unrest was not the result of racism and instead attempted to criminalize the unrest, by claiming it was the product of a ‘black’ criminal underbelly within society† (Solomos, 1988; Gilroy, 1987, cited in Cole). In 1959 the Conservatives were elected into government and sought immigration controls to limit the flow of immigrants entering Britain. In 1962 the Conservative government implemented the ‘Commonwealth Act’; this was intended to achieve the desired effect of restricting the flow of immigrants. In effect â€Å"this piece of legislation was racist it removed the right of entry into Britain from all British passport holders, who did not have a parent or grandparent born in Britain† (Miles Phizacklea, 1984:60 ). In 1964 Labour won the General Election and had promised to rethink its strategies on immigration. Consequently in 1965 they implemented the ‘Race Relations Act’ to appease previous racist legislation, protecting existing immigrants and prohibiting discrimination on the grounds of colour, race and ethnic origin. Furthermore the policy of ‘Assimilation’ was introduced by the government to prevent immigrants from feeling excluded. It was the government’s intention to encourage immigrants to, â€Å"abandon their original customs and practices, moulding their behaviour to the values and norms of the majority† (Giddens, 2006: 497). Nonetheless many policies which intended to integrate immigrant communities were essentially undermining. Immigrants would often want to retain their own cultural values; this was perceived as reluctance to integrate into British society. Assimilation was followed by the concept of integration; British society was educated regarding different cultures. By the late 1960’s, Britain was in social and economic decline â€Å"housing, unemployment and crime was linked by the government to rising immigration† (Solomos, 2003:500). The number of visible minorities was increasing in Britain; this had not been anticipated by the British government. Black communities were growing as a result of chain migration and often endured low socio-economic status.â€Å"Immigration served to provide a ‘cheap army of labour’ but access to the welfare services, particularly housing and education, was neither planned for or often denied† (Williams; 1989:7). Minority groups did not share the same opportunities as white working class, As Pierson (2001) notes, â€Å"the compromise represented a ‘rapprochement between capital and a white, male, metropolitan and organised working class,’ which had been secured largely at the expense of other groups of workers† (p: 77). Moreover in the 1960’s, the Black community in Britain became more politically aware; they were motivated by the ongoing civil Rights Movement in America. Britain’s Black communities were able to identify with their American counterparts. â€Å"Black consciousness was rooted in the idea of there being a corporate black history and identity which is accessible only to individuals by virtue of their experience of being black† (Shukra, 1998:41). Increased political activity by ethnic minorities was potentially a threat to British society. Problems relating to Britain’s new multicultural society had to be addressed and successive governments enacted measures to combat discrimination. There were repeated implementations of the Race Relations Acts and Human Rights Acts, to promote race equality and stem the hostility of the White working class. White working class held immigrants for the failure of the capitalist system, as unemployment and housing shortages rose. Politicians fuelled prejudice and hostility towards migrant populations also, Enoch Powell warned, Increased immigration was to blame for †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ their wives were unable to obtain hospital beds on childbirth, their children were unable to obtain school places, their homes and neighbour-hoods were changed beyond recognition for the British population (Lavalette Pratt, 2006:92). This statement was hypocritical as the British government had advertised for migrant workers, to satisfy labour shortages in post-war Britain. The 1970’s witnessed further economic recession and encouraged Fascist organisations. â€Å"These right wing organisations adopted a similar style as Enoch Powell by exaggerating a supposed threat to the British way of life posed by â€Å"immigrants with alien cultures† (Brah, 1996: 37). Racism and racial discrimination have been a feature of British society, however original theories of race were no longer held.theories of race began Early theories placed race as being characterised in relation to the theory of evolution placing importance on appearance. Later, as discussed earlier theories were mainly focused around socio-economic and political context, with the constant notion of ‘us versus them’ with the addition of fear and pollution of disease, as was stereotyped with the Irish. Popular theories such as Marxism and Weberian sociology may be outdated but they provide accounts on the development of the new theories of race, racism and racial discrimination. Robert Miles (1988), a Marxist, states â€Å"on the one hand the need of the capitalist world economy for the mobility of human being, and on the other, the drawing of territorial boundaries and the construction of citizenship as a legal category which sets boundaries for human mobility† (c ited in Solomos and Black, 1996: 9), relates to the potential for global capitalism if migrants are included, but those excluded have problems with citizenship. With reference to race and racial discrimination it can be said that immigrants in Britain faced inequalities that Marx stated in his theory of proletariats being exploited by the bourgeoisie, as the only forms of employment that were available to migrants were unwanted by the dominant white population. Marx described the capitalist society and employment structure, as having no form of social upward/downward mobility. Conclusion Weberian theory consists of class, status and power, with more agency and more possibility of change. Contemporary Weberian sociologists such as Rex and Tomlinson cited in Solomos and Black (1996) integrate both status and party in relation to class by describing the underclass were conceptualised in terms of their disadvantages compared to their white peers. â€Å"Instead of identifying with working class culture, community and politics, they formed their own organisations and became effectively a separate underprivileged class.† How to cite Impact of Migrants on British Economy, Essay examples

Lottery And Rose For Emily Essay Example For Students

Lottery And Rose For Emily Essay Evil and charm are considered by many people to be very different things. It isnot often that it is thought that evil and charm coexist together. Evil isdefined to be; morally bad, or wicked, while charms definition is; a trait thatfascinates, allures or delights. According to British author Brian Mastersevil is something you recognize immediately you see it: it works throughcharm. Masters argument can be backed up through two pieces of literature,Shirley Jacksons The Lottery and William Faulkners A Rose ForEmily. Both stories display evil and charm coexisting together in a societythrough setting, characters attitudes and symbolism. The Lottery is asomewhat sick, twisted story that sets the reader up with the right and thenpops them one with the left. To begin, the setting makes the reader feel allwarm and good inside, and gives the reader the feeling that the story is goingto be a cheerful one. The morning of June 27 was clear and sunny, with thefresh warmth of a full summer day; th e flowers were blossoming profusely and thegrass was richly green. (Jackson 229) Here, the author shows that summer isjust beginning, and that with summer, life is just beginning. The flowers areblossoming, the grass is a rich shade of green, and the towns people aregathering in the square between the post office and the bank. The descriptionsof the town are very misleading to the reader in terms of what is taking place. The charm of the town delights the reader at the start and gives the reader acomforting feeling about what is going to happen. The evil of the town is hiddenbehind a mask of charm. The characters in The Lottery are very misleadingto the reader in terms of character traits. The characters attitudes towards thelottery are very upbeat and display that the characters have no problem with thefact that they are attending a lottery. The fact that a lottery is taking placeleads many to believe that there is a chance to win money for free. Where inthis case it is the chance to kill someone by stoning him or her to death. Throughout the whole story the towns peoples attitudes are lackadaisical;they dont care about the lottery, and seem to only want it over with. Thewhole lottery took less than two hours, so it could begin at ten oclock inthe morning and still be through in time to allow the villagers to get home fornoon diner. (Jackson 229) Here it is seen that the lottery somethinginsignificant and meaningless to the towns people. Evil is definitely displayedhere, as the event that is being organized and will take place is considered tobe morally bad. The charm of the people involved shines through brightly incharacter traits that are displayed. It is displayed that the persons involvedin the event are excited to be there and delightful towards the fact that theyare about to kill a person. Another example of The Lottery displaying eviland charm coexisting together is the symbolism that is used in the story. Theblack box is the central idea or theme in the story. It symbolizes at first sometype of mys tery, but reading further into the story it is realized that it issynonymous with doom. The box is symbolic of the towns peoples fear ofchange, it is old and splintered showing that the people of the town wouldrather cling to what is familiar rather than change, symbolizing the traditionsof the community. No one in the town questions the box, but accept it as a partof their lives. The box considered by the towns people to be charming, but has adirect link to the evil in the town as it determines who will be sacrificed inorder for the people to be happy. Another story in which evil and charm coexistis A Rose For Emily written by William Faulkner. A Rose for Emily istold by a nameless narrator describing the life of a pathetic woman, Emily. Thesetting of the story is seen through the view of the narrator, which seems to bethe voice of the town. Emilys house is the main focus throughout the story,as the narrator constantly talks about what may be going on inside the house. .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de , .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de .postImageUrl , .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de , .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de:hover , .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de:visited , .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de:active { border:0!important; } .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de:active , .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9d096550841bee7d83fcaa41907c61de:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The SisterHood of the Traveling Pants EssayThe house seems to fascinate the town, the numerous remarks that arisethroughout the story lead the reader to believe that the whole town knows aboutEmilys house. Only Miss Emilys house was left, lifting its stubborn andcoquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumpsand eyesoreamong eyesores. (Faulkner 27) Emilys house is the evil part of the town asseen by the people in the town because it has become and eyesore in thecommunity and but yet they are all drawn to the house, always wondering what isgoing on inside and what Emily is up to. The attitude of the narrator displaysto the reader that the town is drawn to th e life of Emily. The whole town has anidea on what type of life Emily led, but their image of Emily is created throughgossip and assumptions that were made as a result of the lack of time Emilyspent out in the public. The town assumes that Emily has a problem withmaintaining a clean house and assume that the stench coming from here house canjust be covered up, so that is what they do. They broke open the cellar doorand sprinkled lime there, and in all the out buildingsthey crept quietlyacross the lawn and into the shadow of the locust that lined the street. After aweek or two the smell went away. (Faulkner 28) The attitude of the towndisplayed her demonstrates that the people of the town feel that Emily has aevil aura to here as they are to afraid to knock on her front door and ask herwhat the smell is coming from her house. Instead the town decides to cover upthe smell most likely because they are to fascinated with Emily to actually talkto her. This characteristic of the town resu lts in the town being somewhat evilin terms that the people of the town cannot even speak to someone that delightsthem. As a result the town would rather make up stories about Emily than findout the truth. Symbolism is another method that shows how evil and charm coexistin A Rose for Emily. The people of the town believed that Emily was aflower lover and that she loved to have them around. Especially roses. But theroses that Emily adored were just a symbol to confuse the town of her desire. The symbol of the rose is used to represent the preservation of roses. Whenpreserving them they must be dried out. Emily has done exactly this, but notwith roses, with her love, Homer. For a long while we just stood there,looking down at the profound and fleshless grin. The body had apparently oncelain in the attitude of and embrace, but now the long sleep that outlasts love,that conquers even the grimace of love, had cuckold him. (Faulkner 33) Emilyhad preserved Homer much like one does a dried out rose. The towns people areshocked at this as they realize that Emilys charm was a disguise for the evilthat she possessed. In both Shirley Jacksons The Lottery and WilliamFaulkners A Rose for Emily evil occurs but is masked by charm. Setting,characters, and symbols help to display this and reinforce that Brian Masterswas correct in arguing that evil is something you recognize immediately yousee it; it works through charm.